Tafseer Al-Baqara

وَإِذْ فَرَقْنَا بِكُمُ الْبَحْرَ فَأَنجَيْنَاكُمْ وَأَغْرَقْنَا آلَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَأَنتُمْ تَنظُرُونَ (2:50)


Faraqa = split open; split right and wrong-doers
Yawmul Badar is also known as Yawmul Furqan; on the day of Furqan Rasulullah Sallahu ‘alayhi Wassalam showed Abu Jahal to Amar bin Yasar and said ‘this is the day of furqan’. Amar bin Yasar’s family was tortured badly by him in the beginning of Islam.
According to Ar-Razi, the night of 17th of Ramadan is laylatul qadar because the angels were send down (amongst them Jibrael, Izrael) to the battlefield to split right from falsehood.
Sayidina Umar was know as Al-Farooq; he was the first to do tawaf publicly as a muslim.
For the Bani Israel, the furqaan is the opening of the Red Sea.

Bahar means sea and it also means army (something that is close and overpowering).

وَإِذْ وَاعَدْنَا مُوسَى أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً ثُمَّ اتَّخَذْتُمُ الْعِجْلَ مِن بَعْدِهِ وَأَنتُمْ ظَالِمُونَ (2:51)

Wa’ada – the third form; to promise.
Wa’aada – interactive (kataba = to write, kaataba = correspond)
Maw’eed – time of appointment

Sign: from the night we pulled the day, in Islam it’s night before day
Laylatul qadar: light from darkness when Qur’an was revealed.

Furqaan was promised after 40 nights: 30 days in Zulqaeda and 10 days of Zulhijja ie 40 days before Yawmul ‘Arafa.
We have little ‘eid after Ramadan because this month is divided into 3 parts: 1) Rahma 2) Maghfira and 3) Free from fire. In this month, it is the second most important time people were freed from fire in a year. In Yawmul ‘Arafa, more people were freed from fire than any other day. Hence, ‘eidul adha is the big ‘eid.

Sayidina Musa ‘alayhi salam went to Jabal Musa in Sinai to receive the Book. When one month passed, the next moon phase begins some people became impatient. They were patience for 30 days and the next 10 days were full of fitna. Samirii (a name / tribe) introduce syirik of worshiping calf.
One story (unverified) in the tafaseer said that when angle came to call Moses to take him to the mountain, he arrived in a beast called Haya’. A munafiq from Bani Israel (he worshipped cow secretly) put a golden cow on the footsteps of where the beast stood. The cow was put for 30 days and get power from this. He deceived lots of people in Banu Israel. This story is not authenticated story.

‘Ajala means calf and it also means to be hasty. Allah promised them the Book but they were impatience and were astray.
‘Ajila also stands for Dunya., everything pass quickly (in haste)

ثُمَّ عَفَوْنَا عَنكُمِ مِّن بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (2:52)

‘Afwa means forgiveness before, after or even without something wrong. Maghfira is forgiveness after something was wrong.
From the word, the wind has wipe out all traces.
No matter what we did it will be as bad as worshipping calf, Allah can wipe it out when we asked for ‘afwa.
The du’a for laylatul Qadar: Allahumma Innaka ‘afuwun kareem tuhibbul ‘afwa fa’fu ‘anna.