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Sunday, January 23, 2011

On following the Book and Sunnah

Book of Assistance - on following the Book and Sunnah (Chapter 10)

-‘alayka: for himself as well

- tamasuk = hold fast to something, sticking
amsaka ‘anil kalam - silence, amsaka (hold back) ~ don’t talk and hold on the Book.
imsak - Ramadhan, hold back from what Allah told us to do ~ la’alakum tattaqoon, taqwa = hold back from what Allah does not want you to do and to do what He commanded. If we have tamasuk, we have imsak.
Imsak in marriage means protection and looking after.

- Sunna means path, procedure, routine, custom. (Man Ahya sunnatal hassanatan) "Whosoever does a good Sunnah he will get the reward for it and the reward from other people doing the same thing until the Day of Judgment. And whosoever does a bad Sunnah he will have the punishment from doing it and the punishment of others who practice it" [Muslim]
As-sunna means The Sunnah

- i’tisam, tamassuk = cling, hafaza, majmu’ ilayh = protect. It means we have to pit Qur’an in high place, protective cover, memorise it and more importantly to appreciate how important the Book is and have a strong relationship with The Book.
I’tisam in modern Arabic means siiting down strike.

- Qawwim = stood the test of time, durable, enduring
mustaqim = straight path following The Book and Sunnah

- Salaam means peace

- Ghanama means wealthy, from booty in war.

- Halaka means perish, grieve

- Rasul Sallallahu ‘alayhi wa alihi wassalam said "I have left upon you a shining path, its night is like its day, no one deviates from it except one who is destroyed, and whoever lives long from amongst you will see great controversy. [Ahmad (4/126), Ibn Maajah (no. 43), al-Haakim (1/96) and others - Hasan]

- Rasul Sallallahu ‘alayhi wa alihi wassalam said to Sayidatina Fatima RadhiyaAllahu ‘anha that after tomorrow your father will not feel pain anymore. Upon hearing that, Sayidatina Fatimah RadhiyaAllahu ‘anha cried and Rasul Sallallahu ‘alayhi wa alihi wasallam said do not cry as you will be the first one to meet me.

- According to Ibnu Qaisar: ulul ‘amri is those people who have intelligence and control over the affair of the people.

Sunday, January 16, 2011

Keeping the company of the pious

Sayyid al-Habib Umar was asked: does a person benefit from keeping the company of the pious scholars if he or she does not perform many good actions?

He replied, may Allah preserve him: “This is what the Messenger of Allah e was asked, as is narrated in Sahih al-Bukhari. One of the Companions asked, “What is the fate of someone who loves a group of people but has not attained their level of piety?”
He said very simply, “A person is with the one he loves.”

He also said e, as has been narrated in the sahih hadith: “A good companion is like a seller of musk whereas a bad companion is like a blacksmith. The musk seller will give you some of his wares, you may buy some perfume from him or at the very least you will smell on him a pleasant odour..”

One of the poets said:

The guides of mankind – good tidings to a slave who sees them
And keeps their company even once in his life

Another said:

They are the scholars, the knowers, in whose company
A person attains the highest felicity

If someone spends time in their presence while loving them and desiring to imitate and follow he they will attain the highest of stations. If someone does so without desiring to imitate them he will nonetheless attain blessings as long as he does not go against their methodology by persisting in violating the Sacred Law. As for spending time in their presence to seek status and rank amongst people without attempting to leave acts of disobedience to Allah this will be a proof against such a person.
In summary if a person’s intention is sound and he is not content to allow himself to violate the Sacred Law then keeping the company of the pious is of great benefit to him even if he does not perform many good actions. If a person’s intention is not sound, however, and he keeps their company for some contemptible worldly benefit or persistently violates the Sacred Law then doing so will be of no benefit and will be a proof against him and we take refuge in Allah from that.

(May Allah bless Sidi Amin Buxton for sharing this, increase him and grant him and his family 'afiya)

Saturday, January 15, 2011

Akhlaq

SEERAH WITH USTAZA EIMAN SIDKY (15/01/11)

On the chapter of sifat khuluquhu, Wasa’il al-Wusul ila Shama’il ar-Rasul by Sh. Yusuf an-Nabhani

- Sifat Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wassalam : Innama bu'ithtu li makarimal akhlaq
- The book of Syifa Qadi 'Iyad: He read 71 books and found in all books, Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wassalam is the wisest man and has the best opinion on any decisions. We can't compare the whole creations to Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wasallam. All the goodness have 99 parts in Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wasallam and only 1 part in creation.
- The companions changed a lot by the teaching of Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wasallam for example Sayidina 'Umar RadhiyaAllahu 'anhu. He used to be the most fierce of the Quraisy that some people just avoid him but by the time he became khalifa, he was the gentlest person. He used to worry about everything in the community including sheeps and goats. Once, when he was patrolling Madina, he heard some children crying and a voice of a woman saying 'Allah! Allah!'. Sayidina Umar went to ask her what was wrong and she replied that she was cooking stone in a pot as they have absolutely nothing to eat. Sayidina Umar immediately went to Baitul Mal and took food, butter and honey and brought it back to their house. His servant saw him and asked to carry things for him as it was a very cold night and the weight of the things was heavy. He refused saying that the servant will not be carrying his sins on the Day of Judgement. The lady was so happy and she said that this man should be their Khalifa and not 'Umar. Sayidina 'Umar RadhiyaAllahu 'anhu cooked the food himself and feed the kids. He wanted to see them smiling as he already heard them crying. He said to the lady to come tomorrow and he will speak to 'Umar about her condition. On the next day, she was shocked to find that the man was Sayidina 'Umar himself. Sayidina 'Umar RadhiyaAllahu 'anhu has prepared a letter for her to sign agreeing that she has forgiven 'Umar. He gave some money to the lady as an exchange to the signature and he said to Sayidina 'Ali KaramaAllahu wajha that this is the proof that she has forgiven me. He was so afraid of the Day of Judgement that he said 'if Allah asked me about the ocean, what will I tell Him?'
- Sayidina Abu Bakar RadhiyaAllahu 'anhu read Basmala and cried. We can see how much Rasul 'alayhi salatu wasallam affected his friends, even their words changed, in the presence of Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wasallam, no one shouts because of the love in their heart towards Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wasallam.

- Someone visited Sayidatina 'A'eesyah RadhiyaAllahu 'anha and asked about akhlaq Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wasallam. She asked 'Don't you read Qur'an?' 'Bala''Kana Khuluquhu Qr'an' (His behaviour is the Qur'an) ~ One word means a lot.

- When Rasul sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wasallam's mother died, the angles cried but Allah said 'you don't know what I am preparing for him'. (Allah taught him Al-Qur'an - 'ataadabani Rabbi, fa ahsana ta'dibi'

- Ustaza gave us some revisions to do: Find out these verses and find out what it meant and asbaban nuzul (the reason for it's revelation) and try to practise it:
1) Surah Al-A'raf 7:199
خُذِ الْعَفْوَ وَأْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْجَاهِلِينَ
(Asad) MAKE due allowance for man's nature, and enjoin the doing of what is right; and leave alone all those who choose to remain ignorant.


2) An-Nahl 16:90
إِنَّ اللّهَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَالإِحْسَانِ وَإِيتَاء ذِي الْقُرْبَى وَيَنْهَى عَنِ الْفَحْشَاء وَالْمُنكَرِ وَالْبَغْيِ يَعِظُكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ
(Asad) BEHOLD, God enjoins justice, and the doing of good, and generosity towards [one's] fellow-men; and He forbids all that is shameful and all that runs counter to reason, as well as envy; [and] He exhorts you [repeatedly] so that you might bear [all this] in mind
( ya'muroo - order to be 'adl wal ihsaan - give extra eg maid extra £300)

3) Luqman 31:17
ا بُنَيَّ أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ وَأْمُرْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَانْهَ عَنِ الْمُنكَرِ وَاصْبِرْ عَلَى مَا أَصَابَكَ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ عَزْمِ الْأُمُورِ
(Asad) “O my dear son! Be constant in prayer, and enjoin the doing of what is right and forbid the doing of what is wrong, and bear in patience whatever [ill] may befall thee: this, behold, is something to set one’s heart upon!

4) Ash-Shura 42:43
وَلَمَن صَبَرَ وَغَفَرَ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَمِنْ عَزْمِ الْأُمُورِ
(Asad) But withal, if one is patient in adversity and forgives - this, behold, is indeed something to set one’s heart upon!

5) Al-Ma'idah 5:13
فَبِمَا نَقْضِهِم مِّيثَاقَهُمْ لَعنَّاهُمْ وَجَعَلْنَا قُلُوبَهُمْ قَاسِيَةً يُحَرِّفُونَ الْكَلِمَ عَن مَّوَاضِعِهِ وَنَسُواْ حَظًّا مِّمَّا ذُكِّرُواْ بِهِ وَلاَ تَزَالُ تَطَّلِعُ عَلَىَ خَآئِنَةٍ مِّنْهُمْ إِلاَّ قَلِيلاً مِّنْهُمُ فَاعْفُ عَنْهُمْ وَاصْفَحْ إِنَّ اللّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ
(Asad) Then, for having broken their solemn pledge, We rejected them and caused their hearts to harden-[so that now] they distort the meaning of the [re-vealed] words, taking them out of their context; and they have forgotten much of what they had been told to bear in mind; and from all but a few of them thou wilt always experience treachery. But pardon them, and forbear: verily, God loves the doers of good.

6) Al-Hujurat 49:12
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اجْتَنِبُوا كَثِيرًا مِّنَ الظَّنِّ إِنَّ بَعْضَ الظَّنِّ إِثْمٌ وَلَا تَجَسَّسُوا وَلَا يَغْتَب بَّعْضُكُم بَعْضًا أَيُحِبُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَن يَأْكُلَ لَحْمَ أَخِيهِ مَيْتًا فَكَرِهْتُمُوهُ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَوَّابٌ رَّحِيمٌ
(Asad) O you who have attained to faith! Avoid most guesswork [about one another] for, behold, some of [such] guesswork is [in itself] a sin; and do not spy upon one another, and neither allow your­selves to speak ill of one another behind your backs. Would any of you like to eat the flesh of his dead brother? Nay, you would loathe it! And be conscious of God. Verily, God is an accep­tor of repentance, a dispenser of grace!

In every Surah in the Qur'an, we can find that Allah is teaching us.
Allah teaches Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wasallam through the Qur'an, from him Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wasallam it spreads to everyone. We have to check ourselves, which type are we in?

When a group of people travelled a long way to give bai'ah to Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wasallam through the dessert, they came straight to meet Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wasallam. A man called Siwan, cleaned his horse and fed it, take a ghusl, put on a nice perfume and change to a new clothe, prayed 2 rak'at and then came to Rasul Sallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wasallam. Rasul Sallalllahu 'alayhi wa alihi wasallam smiled (meant he's happy -redha with the man) and said 'you have two things that Allah and Rasul loved: al-hilm and ana'' (Al-Hilm: Halim is the name of Allah; even when we make sins, Allah didn't punish us straightaway. Halim means patience and do not take revenge quickly) (Ana': opposite of doing something fast; he did things with ihsan).
The man asked 'Ya Rasul, did I work hard to have these things or was I born like that?'. 'No, Allah give you as a gift.'
We have to find our good traits and thank Allah for that.

Muadzh bin Jabbal RadhiyaAllahu 'anh 'Allah surrounded Islam with great behaviours and good deeds.' According to Imam Al-Ghazali RahmatuLlahi 'alayh, good behaviours consist of:
1) Husnul mu'asyara: good companionship. When we live with someone, how we deal with them. Did we prefer them over ourselves? Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wasallam had two miswak, one is crooked and one is straight. He gave the straight one to the person travelling with him. Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wasallam.
2) How generous you are - kareema. Allah is Al-Karim. In the Day of Judgement, He hide the sins for you and grants you jannah. If it's according to us, we will not go to janna.
3) Gentleness, soft, not tough, no harsh language - liinil janib
4) Badlul Ma'roof: try to give; deal with ma'aruf and the best of way. We give as much as we can.
5) It'amul ta'am: feeding the hungry. Some poor people in Egypt brought bread to Masjid on Friday to give to others.
6) Ifsya'ee salaam: level of ihsan on giving salam.
7) Visit someone sick: make du'a and leave (birran aw fajiran : those who do good or a sinful person)
8) walk with janaza of a muslim, for men. Sayidatina Aisya RadhiyaAllahu 'anha said that the reward is bigger than Mountain of Uhud.
9) Husn jarr : good neighbour to muslim and non-muslim
10) respect syaiba (white-haired) of muslim. Take her hand to cross the road and treat them nicely
11) Ijaba da'watu ta'am wa du'a alayh - respond to invitation for food and pray for the host. Once, a man came to Rasul sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wasallam and invited him for food, and Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wasallam said 'how about her?' (pointing at Sayidatina A'eesya) The man said no, so Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wasallam said no. (Some scholars said, there was no food in his house at that time). On the next day, the man invited Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wasallam again and he said no again after the man did not want to invite Sayidatina A'eesya. On the third day, the man invited again, and when Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wasallam asked 'wa hazizhi? (And her?)' and the man said yes. Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wasallam walked shoulder to shoulder with Sayidatina A'eesya out of the door.
12) Al-Afwu: forgive. Sayidina Yusuf Alayhi Salam forgave his brothers after all that they did to him. La thariba; never mind. Forgive when you have the chance to punish is a great behaviour. 'Ya Rabb, Ana samihtu man azaani.' The man who said this will enter Paradise. If we want Allah to forgive us in the Day of Judgement, we should forgive others.
13) Islah bayna nas - fixing relationship. Rasul Salllallahu 'alahi wa alihi wasallam was once walking and his face looked so sad. He went to Sayidina Ali and Sayidatina Fatimah's house (RadhiyaAllahu 'anhuma) and stayed for a long time. When he came out from the house, his face was happy and smiling. A companion asked him why did he looked so sad when you step inside the house and now you were happy. He said that there was a problem between them and now he solved it. On another occasion, Sayidina Abu Bakar RadhiyaAllahu 'anhu went to Rasul sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wassalam and said 'there is something between me and Umar'. Sayidina Umar RadhiyaAllahu 'anhu looked at Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wassalam's face and said immediately 'Ya Rasul, forgive me.' Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wasallam said 'why did you do this to my friend?' Sayidina Abu Bakar RadhiyaAllahu 'anhu immediately sad 'It's not Umar, it's me'.
14) Al-jood: more than karam; always giving - Rasul sallallahu 'alayhi wasallam was jood in Ramadhan.
15) Karam

Sunday, January 02, 2011

Intro

Risalatul Mu’awanah

'Umar b. al-Khattab RadhiyaAllahu 'anh narrated that the Prophet Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wassalam said: Deeds are [a result] only of the intentions [of the actor], and an individual is [rewarded] only according to that which he intends. Therefore, whosoever has emigrated for the sake of Allah and His messenger, then his emigration was for Allah and His messenger. Whosoever emigrated for the sake of worldly gain, or a woman [whom he desires] to marry, then his emigration is for the sake of that which [moved him] to emigrate." Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim.
In the above hadith Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wassallam mentions spesifically about marriage as we learned in another hadith: "This world is just passing by, and the best comfort in this world is a righteous women.

Imam Al-Haddad (Rahmatullahu 'alayh always reminded his students about intentions. He always asked his students to repeat the intentions after him Rahmatullahu 'alayh (the intentions is as above).
Faida = benefit, utility (dictionary). When we learn and take the small thing in it and benefit.

Habib Abdullah Al-Haddad Rahmatullahi 'alayh is blind. His father brought him to a big scholar at that time, Habib Umar bin Abdul Rahman Al-Attas (who is also blind) to ask for du'a for his child. Habib Umar Rahmatullahi 'alayh responded by saying if you want, I can make du'a that his eyesight returns but I can make du'a that he will have basirah (innersight) that the whole world will be under his feet.

Habib Abdullah Al-Haddad Rahmatullahi 'alayh had a very strong memory. He used to walk with a friend to places and by the time they reach the place, he already memorised the whole lesson that his friend read.

He Rahmatullahu 'alayh used to pray 100 to 200 cycles of prayers after Dhuha prayer. He was related strongly to worship as worship is the main purpose of our lives.

Ba Alawi is always described as outwardly Ghazali and inwardly Syadhili. The book was written with both outward and inward advices. For example, in Haj by doing outward actions we will get inward reality of the worship. The syadhili way is Riyada of removing lower self.

Habib Abdullah Al-Haddad Rahmatullahi 'alayh studied grammar under Bajubayr Al-Faqih Rahmatullahi 'Alayh. After studying extensively at a very young age, at 17-18 years old he had the desire to cut himself from people. He has no desire for status and for the world. He used to lock himself in Al-Hajra and people came to him and begged for him to teach. At 18 years old, he started interacting with people with kindness and gentleness. He was compassionate, never harsh and applied his knowledge with wisdom. He rahmatullahi 'alayh went for da'wa in remote places where nobody came to visit. Once, he Rahmatullahi 'alayh went to a small village (around 15 houses) and someone asked him how many people should gather together for Friday prayer. His answer was 13 as there are some opinion that allows lesser number of congregation for friday prayer (Syafi'e 40).

On the year 1069 (25 years old) he Rahmatullahi 'alayh wrote Risalatul Mu'awana.

He was well-known around the world that Syeikh Bajubayr who went to study in India heard about him, came back and studied under him. ~ ud'oo man da'ani (I teach the one who teaches me)

At the age of 63 (63 is important as Rasul sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wassalam, Sayidina Abu Bakar and Sayidina Umar RadhiyaAllahu 'anhum passed away at this age), he wrote Ad-Da'watu Tammah (the complete call, on giving advice to different group of people)

Habib Abdullah AL-Haddad is well=known for his ratib, people read ratib but do not have any idea who he is.When the area were attacked by Zaidiyah, ratib protected the people.

The title of the book is Risalatul Mu'awana wa Muzdhara wa muwazara
Muzdhara = to make inner manifest in our lives, Dhahara = victorious, succeed (Al-Mumtahina)
Muwazara = connect us with those that can help us with our burdens

Al-Habib Rahmatullahu 'alayh begin with Basmala as Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wassalam placed importance on Basmala. He Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wassalam even thought us on how to write Basmala (extend the Ba' in writing and make the Sin sharper).

If you’re stuck in a quicksand (physically / spiritually) read BismilLahir Rahmanir Rahim Wa la hawla wa la quwata illa bilLahi ‘aliyil ‘adzim. Rabbi Yassir wa a’in Ya Kareem.

BismilLah consist of 19 letters – and Jahannam have 19 guards, each letter protect from each guards

RasuluLLah sallaLlahu 'alayhi wasallam always said istighfar as he's in constant state of talaqi (going up), as the wali.
Habib Abdullah bin Hussin bin Tahir RahmatuLlahi 'alayh said, ' we have no action'. He read at the beginning of the path 10,000 tahlil and Hu. He recognised that all actions that he does is what Allah bestowed. We should focus on Allah's blessings and focus on bad things that we should improve.

Nafs:
- Nafs amarah bil su'
- Nafs lawwama (blaming)
- Nafsu fajir/ taqi (fa alhamaha fujuraha wa taqwaha 91:8, mulhama = formed into being)
- Nafus mutmainah (settled and at peace, tama'nina: at peace)
- Nafsu radhiya mardhiya (pleased, not just at peace)
- Nafsu kamilah (perfection): anbiya' and siddiqinul kubra, kumul: lots of men and less women.

hadith: A`da `aduwwuka nafsuka al-lati bayna janibayk [Your worst enemy is your nafs which lies between your flanks. 

“I fear for my Ummah a hidden shirk and that shirk is Riyaa – Pride, Hypocrisy. Beware of this Shirk Khafiya – Hidden Shirk, as it is like a black ant walking on a black rock on a dark moonless night.” – Rasulullah (SalAllahu ‘alayhi wasallam)
When the Prophet (salAllahu ‘alayhi wasallam) said this to his companions, each and every one of them became worried about their internal state. They asked Rasulullah (salAllahu ‘alayhi wasallam) that if this was truly the case, how could any of them be safe from hidden shirk – Riyaa? The Messenger of Allah shared with them this very important du’a:

اللّهُـمَّ إِنّـي أَعـوذُبِكَ أَنْ أُشْـرِكَ بِكَ وَأَنا أَعْـلَمْ، وَأَسْتَـغْفِرُكَ لِما لا أَعْـلَم
Allahumma innee a’oothu bika an ushrika bika wa-ana ‘alam, wa-astaghfiruka lima la ‘alam.

O Allah, I take refuge in You lest I should commit shirk (associate partners) with You knowingly and I seek Your forgiveness for what I do unknowingly.
Habib Abdullah Al-Haddad (Nafa'anaLlahu bihi fid darayn) intention is for the people to hold strong to Islam.

Saturday, January 01, 2011

Enumerating the blessings of Allah (branch 33)

77 branches of faith, Imam Al-Bayhaqi : Enumerating the blessings of Allah (Syeikh Abdul Aziz Ahmed)

اللّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضَ وَأَنزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاء مَاء فَأَخْرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ رِزْقًا لَّكُمْ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الْفُلْكَ لِتَجْرِيَ فِي الْبَحْرِ بِأَمْرِهِ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الأَنْهَارَ
وَسَخَّر لَكُمُ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ دَآئِبَينَ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ
وَآتَاكُم مِّن كُلِّ مَا سَأَلْتُمُوهُ وَإِن تَعُدُّواْ نِعْمَتَ اللّهِ لاَ تُحْصُوهَا إِنَّ الإِنسَانَ لَظَلُومٌ كَفَّارٌ

(S Ibrahim : 32 -34; (Asad) It is Allah Who hath created the heavens and the earth and sendeth down rain from the skies, and with it bringeth out fruits wherewith to feed you; it is He Who hath made the ships subject to you, that they may sail through the sea by His command; and the rivers (also) hath He made subject to you and has made the sun and the moon, both of them constant upon their courses, subservient [to His laws, so that they be of use] to you; and has made the night and the day subservient [to His laws, so that they be of use] to you.) And [always] does He give you something out of what you may be asking of Him; and should you try to count God's blessings, you could never compute them. [And yet,] behold, man is indeed most persistent in wrongdoing, stubbornly ingrate!

Allah has created everything in the heavens and the earth. There is one type of fish that can only be found in Loch Lomond.
akhraja = brought out from it (from the water comes fruits)
rizqan lakum = provision, sustenance; rizq = everything that bring benefit for you eg Allahu razaqani haza walad (Allah give me a rizq in the form of this child).
falak = in the sky, north star that can give you direction, fulk = ship
sakhara four times in the above verses = made them for you (lakum). Allah created the whole universe for you ~ rizqan lakum
dzulm = oppressive, injustice, in darkness. The opposite of dzulm is noor (light), justice/balance ('Adl) (I'tidal in prayer means standing straight), adab;
for example not putting Al-Qur'an in high place is a form of dzulm - injustice and in darkness.
kafar = covered up


وَإِن تَعُدُّواْ نِعْمَةَ اللّهِ لاَ تُحْصُوهَا إِنَّ اللّهَ لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
(S. Nahl 16:18 (Asad) For, should you try to count God's blessings, you could never compute them! Behold, God is indeed much-forgiving, a dispenser of grace;)
- In the first verse, we are in darkness (dzulm) and in this verse it is stated that Allah if forgiving, to give us aspirations and hope.
- Ghafoor = oft-forgiving, intense form of forgiving (very forgiving)
- Raheem = merciful
- Why? We could not count all the blessings that He bestowed to us but because He is forgiving and He is kind, He does not punish us for not showing gratitude.


وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ
(S. Al-Duha 93:11 (Asad) and of thy Sustainer's blessings shalt thou [ever] speak.
This verse was address to Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wassallam to tell people about the blessings that he has ie; prophethood and Al-Qur'an. There were thousands of prophets send by Allah but we only required to know 25 of them.
We must tell people about most of the blessings that we have (in the right time and at the right place that will bring benefit for you ie with adab). If we woke up with a good dream, we should tell the people that we trust.
Ibnu Abbas RadhiyaAllahu 'anh announced his Islam just before the conquest of Mekkah.

From Abu Hurairah : Rasulullah saw said : "He who does not thank people, does not thank Allah". ( Ahmad, Tirmidhi )

وَقُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ سَيُرِيكُمْ آيَاتِهِ فَتَعْرِفُونَهَا وَمَا رَبُّكَ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ
( S. Al-Nahl 27:93 (Asad) And say: “All praise is due to God! In time He will make you see [the truth of] His messages, and then you shall know them [for what they are].” And thy Sustainer is not unmindful of whatever you all may do.)
Say Alhamdulillah and you will see His signs in yourself and the creations
Hamd is the key opening.
The first verse in Al-Qur'an is hamd (al-fatiha).
There is a hadith that stated “Every important task which does not begin with hamd will be cut off.”
When Allah Subhanahu wa ta'ala created Sayyidina Adam 'Alayhi Salaam, the first thing he did was sneezed and the first word that came out of his mouth was alhamdulillah.
and the last word we will say is hamd - wa akhiru da'wahu 'anil hamdu lillahi Rabbil 'alamin.

At the end of reading Al-Qur'an after Surah Ad-Dhuha we read Alhamdulillah Allahu Akbar. This is the tradition from Rasul Sallallahu 'alayhi wa alihi wassalam. After the first revealation there was a gap and then Surah Ad-Dhuha was revealed.

There are a few du'a that begins with hamd for eg the du'a of waking up, du'a after eating, du'a after putting on clothes, coming out from bathroom.

Abu Yahya Suhaib b. Sinan said that Rasulullah saw said : " Wondrous are the believer's affairs. For him there is good in all his affairs, and this is so only for the believer. When something pleasing happens to him, he is grateful, and that is good for him; and when something displeasing happens to him, he is enduring (sabar), and that is good for him " ( Muslim )

The complete praise = Alhamdulillahi Rabbil 'Alameen hamdan yuwafi ni'mahu wa yukafiu mazeedah

Al-hikam 24, 25, 26

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